Radical Evolution
Dean
Interesting interview with Joel Garreau about the coming shift in human evolution--which starts within the next decade or two, according to some.
Unlike visionaries like Kurzweil, or utter pessimists, he's cautiously optimistic but worried.
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In the far future (what, 200 years?) What we think of as a "human being" could well be something you only find in nature preserves where the descendants of the Luddites live while augmented humans or AI beings run not just the Earth, but the entire solar civilization.
OK, 200 years may be too soon, but I dunno, things are moving fast.
On the optimistic side, something very akin to Moore's Law has been going on in agriculture--as the population goes up, the amount of land needed to feed it goes down--not in relative terms, but in absolute terms. There is no longer any reason for hunger anywhere in the world except for oppressive regimes that cause it on purpose.
Medical technology has improved so vastly in the last 30 years that surgery and treatment are available to the poor that weren't available to the richest of the richest a generation ago.
Meanwhile, the Democratic Peace Theory is currently the best supported theory in all political science--and we have reached a point where a majority of the world's population lives under democracy, with trends showing that before the end of this century we should be at 100% of the population.
Furthermore, part of Moore's law is not just that performance doubles roughly every 18 months, but that prices go down over time as well. Which means the have-nots will have somewhat slower, not be forever denied the benefits of technology.
I think he's more on to something with the danger of what people will do to each other. The danger of terrorism will go up with time as we are more and more dependent on the worldwide data networks.
And you are right about it getting cheaper. There may very well soon be a day when computer chips are as cheap as potato chips. Literally. There are futurists out there who talk about disposable electronic paper or cloth. Imagine wearing an outfit that you can change from casual to formal simply by choosing an option. (Imagine doing it merely by thinking...).
I have stopped trying to think about the limit of human evolution, I'm just trying to figure out the next fifty years. What kind of world will my kids live in when they are my age?
And if they do solve aging and people can live for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years, where are we going to put them all? Arthur C. Clarke wrote a book fifty years ago titled "The City and the Stars" which describes a world where human beings no longer procreate because there is no need to. I can't help but find such a concept deeply troubling. But is it inevitable?
Reading Kurzweil's book, one is led to believe predicting anything about 200 years in the future is impossible because the exponential growth of technology over the next 50 will alter the world in ways we can't yet conceive of -- perhaps literally can't conceive of, because in 50 years there will probably be nonbiological intelligences millions or billions of times as intelligent as we are.
The fear of practical immortality in my view is vastly overblown. An observed fact of human nature is that once the median income breaches a certain amount--and it's not all that much, probably on the order of about $20,000 a year in purchasing power parity (i.e. that may be only about $3,000 a year or so someplace like India) the vast majority of humans cease to produce more than one or two children. And as I've noted, the equivalent of Moore's Law has been in effect for agriculture for decades now--we literally produce more food than the entire race needs to survive now, on an ever-dwindling amount of land. By the 1990s, technology already existed that could feed one person 365 days a year on 6 square feet of growing space. The only limit was energy--hydroponics are slightly more expensive than growing food in the ground. But only slightly, and a stack of what amounts to four bunk beds could feed a family of four all year 'round. That level of technology is now finding itself in more and more places, as a growing number of specialty markets are now using it to create produce straight to consumers right out of their own in-house facilities.
As I have noted in other places, there is no overpopulation problem in free societies. It doesn't exist. Whenever they finally do make Soylent Green, it won't be made out of people after all. The GDP and PPP of every nation that's at least partially free has been going up steadily for generations, and by the year 2100 at the latest--most estimates put it closer to 2050, some as soon as 2025 or so--the world population will begin declining if we don't do something to either encourage more kids or significantly extend lifespans.
I personally find it rather heartening to imagine a life in which couples can spend 30 or 40 years amassing a comfortable life, then give over time in their still-robust, still healthy 50s and 60s to have one or two kids, then go back to whatever life they want to persue other interests as they help their children find their own place in the world.
The worry of the "haves" vs. the "have nots" to me is basically one of freedom: once there is enough political freedom, as is found throughout most of the West and a growing percentage of the rest of the world, the "have nots" simply become "have lesses."
I note, for example, that in America you can have a family, a private apartment or house for that family, two cars, internal plumbing, internal heating, air conditioning, cable TV, working telephone service, free education through the 12th grade, abundant shoes and clothing appropriate for year-round weather, and a computer with basic internet connection--you can have all that and still be below the Federal poverty line.
Oh, did I mention that a majority of our "poor" people are overweight? They don't suffer from undernourishment, they suffer from an overabundance of high-calorie foods!
This level of economic development now describes at least a third of the world population. Another third is rapidly approaching it. The remaining third is approaching it haltingly--and they're all suffering under non-democratic, oppressive regimes.
What's funny about all this is that most people simply assume that most of it can't be true, and yet every single statement I just made is irrefutably true. Gregg Easterbrooke examines it quite well in "The Progress Paradox," which I thoroughly recommend reading. (And if you want to get even more radical, read Julian Simon's The Ultimate Resource.)
Kurzweil addressed that exact point, and even gives a maximum thereotical procesing capability per kilogram of matter. Don't remember the exact number, but the limit is enormous, many orders of magnitude beyond current biological limits.
Interestingly, Kurzweil sees a worldwide totalitarian state as the only thing that could stop the Singularity.
It also occurs to me that a Singularity may be a near dead end..unless you are a "saint". Otherwise, you create your own hell.
Another setting is a Total Surveillance Society entitled Black Box Imperium in which China and America join together to rule the world to ensure no madman develops a new tech and blows up the world. Problem is that this requires committee science, or almost no science progress, totalitarianism, and despite that it doesn't work that well, and the suicide rate is going through the roof as people give up in despair.
And I have a couple other settings dealing with this as well.
Now I find I like Garreau's perspective better than Kurzweill's. I haven't yet read Kurzweil, although I doubt there will be that much really new in it to me, but I've read some commentary spawned by his. When people start talking about human-level subhuman intelligences--that is, artificially focused sentients focused by an overmind, well, I'm not too happy. And when people start talking about the inevitability, I'm also not happy.
One person added to the concept of Rapture of the Geeks with an Apocalypse of the Geeks. The idea being that an apocalyptic scenario serves the pschyological need of someone who feels unjustly wronged by society. And imagining that the Geeks will inevitably triumph, and all those other stupid things will fade away, and that everything human level will be at best a butler to an overmind does not sound like a scenario created by someone with a love for humanity.
So I definitely find Garreau's perspective more appealing than some others.