Dean's World

Defending the liberal tradition in history, science, and philosophy.

The Jacksonian Tradition

One of the most important political articles of the last decade was undoubtedly Walter Rusell Mead's The Jacksonian Tradition from the Winter 1999 isue of The National Interest. I have linked this essay at least twice in the past, and discussed it many times. It's a startling essay, one in which I immediately recognized most of the people I grew up with, including most of my family, and in which I recognized a huge number of my own political instincts growing up. Although I probably don't count as a Jacksonian anymore, unlike a lot of people I recognize and respect the tradition and the mindset--once again, probably because it so accurately matches the world as I knew it for most of my young life, and still matches so many people I know.

I think the article is such a classic it will likely still be discussed in political science and history and even military classes one hundred years from now. I was talking about it with my friend Kevin today and he had never heard about or read it, so I decided to bring it up again. So here it is: Walter Russell Mead's The Jacksonian Tradition.

It is quite long. It is absolutely worth reading all the way through.

This article, by the way, goes a long way toward explaining both why we went to Iraq, and why the American public is growing restless with the cause: it's not because people are growing more dovish, although some undoubtedly wish it were so. Rather, a large segment of the public is increasingly seeing the Bush administration as too dovish.

No, really. Go read the essay. Set aside a half-hour to absorb the whole thing. It's absolutely worth the time. Foreigners should find it especially illuminating, as it likely illustrates both what they like best and what they like least in Americans.

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Kevin D (mail) (www):
I'm only about halfway through it but this essay seems to pretty much describe me. Nifty.
8.12.2005 3:41am
Steven Malcolm Anderson (www):
Interesting typology. I would be extremely reluctant to describe myself as a "Jacksonian", since I am an elitist, but much of that does describe me, particularly in foreign policy. Yes, militarily, I am in the tradition of Generals Sherman, Patton, MacArthur, and LeMay. And, yes, I am one of those who believes that President Bush is too dovish, too soft. I have been saying so ever since 9/11/2001. I agree with Leonard Peikoff and with Charles Johnson (Little Green Footballs). We are at War for the survival of America and the West and we must fight to win.
8.12.2005 4:40am
Kevin D (mail) (www):

since I am an elitist

You've stated this often but I'm not sure what exactly you mean by it. Are you saying you believe that all people are not equal in a civil/human rights sense? Or something else?
8.12.2005 4:50am
Kevin D (mail) (www):
Still reading the article and came across this gem:

In public controversies, the side that is always giving you reasons why something can't be done, and is endlessly telling you that the popular view isn't sufficiently "sophisticated" or "nuanced"--that is the side that doesn't want you to know what it is doing, and it is not to be trusted.

Who does that sound like? Man... this essay rules.
8.12.2005 7:36am
Kristian H. (mail) (www):
Yes, I was very much struck by this essay when I first read it. See also Zell Miller's Keynote address at the RNC. It is so Jacksonian, it may as well be an appendix to the essay.

Note how many of our heroes, from John Wayne's Cowboys/Military types, to Rambo, to 'Die Hard' are Jacksonian.

Would be an interesting discussion about the charaters in Star Wars with respect to the taxonomy of political types (for example, I'd guess Luke's Uncle Owen was Jacksonian, while the Jedi's were not...)
8.12.2005 10:11am
Gary R (mail) (www):
Reading that essay the first time a few years back got Me to go and order Special Providence, a full-length coverage of all four schools and their interactions. (Hope you got an advertising fee.) The book went to press just after 9/11, so it would be interesting to see a new edition come out.
8.12.2005 11:25am
Steven Malcolm Anderson (www):
Kevin D.:

I believe that all men and women are equally endowed by their Creator with unalienable rights to life, liberty, property, and the pursuit of happiness -- and equal in no other sense.

Also, I should add that my elitism does not hold that philosophers are necessarily better than plumbers, but rather that some plumbers are better than other plumbers, that some philosophers are way better than other philosophers, that some pipes and some philosophies hold water much better than do others.
8.12.2005 12:03pm
JDS (mail):
That is a great article, and while I have a strong Jacksonian streak, I'm not as Jacksonian as many of my friends in that I tend to have a greater concern for human rights and civilian casualties than many Jacksonians might. However, I have my moments of attenuating that concern under certain circumstances.

At any rate, I've found this streak most noticeable in several of friends who tend to vote Democrat, but voted for Bush in 2004. To them, it would have been absolutely unacceptable to not have a military response after 911, and they have little concern about the strength of the ties that Al Qaeda might or might not have had with Saddam.

Also, this streak tends to be more prominent among my 30 year old friends than our baby-boomer parents. At least that's my observation, which admittedly, might not mean all that much.
8.12.2005 12:29pm
neoneocon (mail) (www):
When I first read that Meade article a couple of years ago, it explained so much that till then had been murky for me. I consider it a must-read. Thanks for reminding me of it again; I've been meaning to send the link to a few people I know.
8.12.2005 1:08pm
Robert West (mail) (www):
Walter Russell Mead is one of the twentieth-century political analysts; I think his analysis here is spot-on.

It is an odd read for me, however. I recognize what he's describing as being a strong part of mainstream American culture - and yet, it doesn't describe me, nor anyone in my social circle. The article does, however, do a lot to explain why I feel so ... disconnected ... with mainstream political culture. :)
8.12.2005 1:18pm
Robert West (mail) (www):
Erm. that should have been 'one of the great twentieth-century political analysts'.
:)
8.12.2005 1:35pm
Mike (mail):
I read this back in 2001. Picked it up off of Den Beste's site. That and a number of other good articles from the Esssntial Library.
Explained a lot, I thought.
8.12.2005 2:29pm
Mike (mail):
Err, "Essential Library."
8.12.2005 2:31pm
Dean Esmay:
Robert: I recognize what he's describing as being a strong part of mainstream American culture - and yet, it doesn't describe me, nor anyone in my social circle.

My guess would be then that you live on one of the coasts, possibly some place like San Francisco, New York City outside of Queens or the Bronx, Boston, Seattle, or someplace like that?
8.12.2005 2:59pm
Robert West (mail) (www):
Dean - I grew up in the suburbs of Los Angeles, lived in Santa Cruz for thirteen years, and am now in suburban San Francisco.

The political culture here is *very* different.
8.12.2005 3:26pm
Steven Malcolm Anderson (www):
I suppose I should add that I've read that essay before, a couple times even. Anyway, according to that spectrum, I'm probably a Jacksonian regarding foreign policy but a Jeffersonian (or John Quincy Adamsian) regarding domestic issues. I'm also increasingly a Monrovian on foreign policy. Overall, I'm a Lincolnian and a Washingtonian.
8.12.2005 3:39pm
Steven Malcolm Anderson (www):
"Washingtonian" -- pun intended, as it refers both to the state I'm living in and to General Washington. Stylistically, I'm a Nixonian.
8.12.2005 3:41pm
Steven Malcolm Anderson (www):
Madisonian also, as it was he wrote much of our Constitution, especially our Bill of Rights, including both the First and the Second Amendments, and the Ninth and the Tenth Amendments, too, and all those in between.
8.12.2005 3:45pm
Robert West (mail) (www):
Dean - the surprising thing, though, is not me and my friends; it's my family. Aside from my brother, who grew up in rural California and is in the military, nobody in my family is described by that article, either. Even though they mostly live in Texas.
8.12.2005 3:54pm
Dean Esmay:
Well I was right about where you're from then. :-)

As for the Jacksonian tradition: Mead describes it, accurately I think, as the largest and most influential group in America, but that doesn't necessarily make them the majority. I'd guess that it's somewhere around 35% of the population, clustered most noticeably between the coasts.

In the movies, you see it in guys like John Wayne and Bruce Willis and Will Smith. It's also definitely the people I grew up with in blue collar C hicago and in cities like El Paso in Texas.
8.12.2005 8:08pm
Dave Schuler (mail) (www):
It's a great essay and well worth reading. The full-book length version that covers all four of the schools of thought that have shaped American foreign policy, Special Providence, is even better. Shortly after reading it I corresponded briefly with Mead by email. He was quite cordial.

Also worth taking a look at is his more recent book, Power, Terror, Peace, and War. I wrote a lengthy commentary on it shortly after it came out. He's very much on a parallel track with Tom Barnett of PNM fame. The part of PTPW that I found most enlightening was Mead's explication of “Fordism” which is the most succinct explanation of today's Democratic Party (and Europe's majority parties) I've ever read.
8.12.2005 9:25pm
Dave Schuler (mail) (www):
And one more thing. Something that's largely missing from the description of Jacksonians in the essay but is brought out in the book is the attitude of Jacksonians towards credit: for Jacksonians credit is a sacrament. This goes along way towards explaining the domestic policy of GWB, the most Jacksonian president of my lifetime. And why he horrifies Jeffersonians and libertarians (who hate borrowing) so much.
8.12.2005 9:28pm
Steven Malcolm Anderson (www):
I'm also a Metternichean.
8.12.2005 10:11pm
Dean Esmay:
Dave:

The fourth pillar in the Jacksonian honor code struck Mrs. Trollope and others as more dishonorable than honorable, yet it persists nevertheless. Let us call it financial esprit. While the Jacksonian believes in hard work, he or she also believes that credit is a right and that money, especially borrowed money, is less a sacred trust than a means for self-discovery and expression. Although previous generations lacked the faculties for consumer credit that Americans enjoy at the end of the twentieth century, many Americans have always assumed that they have a right to spend money on their appearance, on purchases that affirm their status. The strict Jacksonian code of honor does not enjoin what others see as financial probity. What it demands, rather, is a daring and entrepreneurial spirit. Credit is seen less as an obligation than as an opportunity. Jacksonians have always supported loose monetary policy and looser bankruptcy laws.

I guess you missed it. ;-)
8.13.2005 10:38pm
Robert B.:
Absolutely fantastic reading for a non-American.

I am a little familiar with this line of thought from an interview I heard with this guy

And a Canadian novel which describes Canadian immigrants from the same backgrounds but living in Nova Scotia.
8.14.2005 2:40pm
Arnold Harris (mail):
I didn't have to read "The Jacksonian Tradition" to comprehend exactly why I think we already blown this Iraq war. It's because Bush and his people want to make pattycake with the Arabs and kill some of them at the same time. Never worked. Doesn't work now. Never will work.

If you want to win a war, you kill or hurt your enemy in large numbers, render them scared shitless of you, compel their surrender, and remind them you will kill all the survivors and plow up their lands with salt, Roman style, if ever there is a round number two.

Either that, or don't get involved with them in the first place.

Arnold Harris
Mount Horeb WI
8.14.2005 3:31pm
Dean Esmay:
So in other words, if we indiscriminately slaughter a lot of Arabs, there'll be fewer terrorist attacks?
8.14.2005 10:28pm
Casey Tompkins (mail) (www):
I think Arnold is suffering from indigestion, or some such. :)

I recall -a while back- that he once remarked here that Bush's approach seemed to be working after all, to his (Arnold's) suprise, and mine as well. I never would have expected that from our favorite codger.

Alas, in this case "the enemy" is not the population of Iraq, which is what Arnold seems to be implying.

The enemy includes Baathist irredentists, criminal gangs, Sunni Islamic Republic fanatics, and Shiite Islamic Republic fanatics.

Since the various elements rudely refuse to wear identifying name tags, it is fairly challenging to separate the the civilian wheat from the lunatic trash in this conflict.

BTW, Dean, (speaking as the guy who pointed you to that article in the first place) you're welcome...

Heh.
8.15.2005 1:52am