Dean's World

Defending the liberal tradition in history, science, and philosophy.

On Moderation

Jack Grant has an interesting piece up on how political moderates are not unprincipled, and says a little more on Joe's site. I can't summarize it easily so just go read it. But I'll add my comments here:

The problem I see--and it's something I see from a lot of people who self-identify as moderates--is that he doesn't attempt to lay out what would define a moderate position. Okay, moderates are principled and have convictions. A lot of them say so, anyway. So, what are their principles, what are their convictions, and what objectively makes them moderate? Most self-proclaimed moderates don't attempt to say--and I suspect that the reason for this is that, in American politics anyway, there are few truly immoderate positions.

There are no real communists or fascists in our government, and those with the strongest leanings in either direction are marginalized and forced to moderate if they want to stay in office. So what would define an "ideologue" and "extremist" as opposed to a principled thinker and visionary? And if the definition of "immoderate" is "holding a position beyond all reason," who can you point to in politics who holds an unreasoned position, and what makes you think it's unreasoned or irrational?

Let us take a few recent examples:

There was recently a large-scale filibuster of a swath of judicial nominees in the Senate. I didn't much care about it either way, but: Were those nominees all really such radical extremists that the will of the majority should have been thwarted? Was it moderate to filibuster judges to a scale so much greater than it had ever been done before? Would it have been moderate to get around it by changing the rules to disallow such filibusters? Was it a moderate thing to end the filibuster and allow through some of the "radical extremist" judges? Why, how, in any of those cases, were any of those things objectively definable as "moderate?"

Or take Social Security: I have believed for 15 years that we need to phase out the terrible Ponzi scheme that is our Social Security system, which robs from the poor to give to the rich and creates a crippling and unfair burden on our children. We need to move this antiquated, out-of-date system to one of individually owned accounts made up of self-supporting equities and other reasonably prudent investments. It should be done much as most state- and corporate-run pension plans are handled, with reasonable regulation to prevent people from doing stupid things. Is that an extremist ideologue position? I don't think it is, although I am willing to support the much tamer proposals being touted by the current administration. From where I stand, it is those who absolutely refuse compromise in any way with those of us who wish to reform the system who are acting like rigid ideologues and extremists--yet others insist that any reform in the direction of individual ownership is radical extremism.

Some consider the anti-abortion/pro-life position radical extremism. But others consider the pro-choice/pro-abortion people to be the extreme one. And what would a "moderate" compromise on the abortion issue look like?

Gay marriage: is it moderate to oppose giving legal recognition and protection to gay couples? Is it moderate to favor redefining an institution that hasn't changed in thousands of years of Western culture just to make a tiny minority happy?

Is it moderate to tell schoolchildren that evolution is just a theory and may not be true? Is it moderate to go to court to forbid a democratically elected schoolboard from doing so, based on the notion that questioning Darwin is "an establishment of religion?"

To some of us, refusing to support taking out a fascist mass-murdering dictator because "war is bad" and "international consensus" is good looks like a rigid ideologue's position, putting common sense and human rights aside in favor of questionable principles, kneejerk fear of American power, or--as in the case of the governments of France and Russia--in favor of their pocketbooks.

To some, giving "massive tax cuts to the rich" is political extremism. To others, describing knocking five points off the top marginal rates and eliminating the estate tax as a "massive giveaway at the expense of the poor" is immoderate and extreme and, well, silly.

Was it moderate to allow oil drilling on 2,000 acres of frozen tundra on the far northern slope of ANWR? Was it moderate to oppose such drilling, even when it was a section that was marked aside for oil exploration when ANWR was first created, and the majority of Alaskans always favored it? Which was truly the "moderate" position?

Is it moderate to dismiss what happened at Abu Ghraib as a small series of venal crimes by unsupervised young punks who were rightly punished? On the other hand, is it moderate to describe those crimes as "human rights atrocities?"

It increasingly strikes me that in modern American politics, most members of both political parties are moderates, and that as a practical matter there is often no such thing as a moderate position, only a moderate temperament--a willingness to acknowledge that you can't always get what you want out of politics, and that half a loaf is better than no loaf at all.

Using that definition, some self-proclaimed moderates are hardly moderate at all. Indeed, is it not rather immoderate to label someone a dangerous ideologue simply because you disagree with his positions?

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Alan at TYL (www):
See, this is the exact reason I use Centrist and not Moderate. America is a very moderate nation on the grand scale. And calling yourself a moderate leaves you open to these kinds of arguments.

But it's hard to say Centrists don't exist. I mean, of all the issues Dean listed, most could have been or could be approached with solutions outside the either/or method of current politics. Centrists don't necessarily seek "compromise" (although we don't have the knee-jerk revulsion to it that many on the wings do). Centrists are more interested in moving outside the dichotomy of left and right and finding new solutions altogether.

Now, we often get accused of "not standing for anything." That's ridiculous. Look, we're not a political party and most don't want to be. We care much more about free thought than party unity. So no one should expect some long list of Centrist positions. But Centrists do tend to be socially liberal/moderate and fiscially conservative. And every Centrist I know has a lot of firm beliefs. Not all Centrists agree, but there's a nexus of views and a thirst for debate.

I would even argue that Dean is mainly a Centrist, although he'd probably reject such labeling. But he sure as hell is a free thinker and that's really the first requirement.

"Moderates" have done themeslves no favor by seeming interested only in calming things down. I'm a big fan of civility, personally, and think our political discourse is often more harmful than helpful, but my solution isn't to just decry the methods of idealogues but to convince enough people that they don't have to be right or left. Politics is not a straight line. It's not either/or.
6.8.2005 10:26am
DSmith (mail) (www):
I think Dean's post shows that, with the exception of some positions favored by the religious right, the great majority of Republican policy positions ARE moderate.

One of the things that is so infuriating is the constant Dem lie that the Repubs are such radical extremists. For those of us who are basically indepedent but who spent most of our lives voting Democratic, and happen lately to have backed Republicans, this is extremely insulting. We decide a different set of politicians comes closer to supporting the same moderate positions we've held all along, and all of a sudden we're part of Jesusland, fans of Chimpy McHitler, etc. Of course, if we were to moderate back to voting fr Dems then we'd be part of the smart, reality-based community. Faugh. The one good thing is now the Dems are showing their true colors.
6.8.2005 12:32pm
Steven Malcolm Anderson (www):
In his Four Faultless Felons, G. K. Chesterton wrote a story about "The Moderate Murderer" (along with "The Honest Quack", "The Ecstatic Thief", and "The Loyal Traitor"). G. K. C. himself is very difficult to classify as "Left", "Right", "Center", or whatever, on any spectrum, which is one reason why I love to read him.

Anyway.... I've never called myself a "moderate" nor been called one. I'm an extremist for Polytheistic Godliness, Selfishness, Sexiness, and all that I see as proceeding from these dogmas, most notably our Western ("Faustian") high culture and what is now the greatest nation of that high culture, the United States of America.

My views on some of these issues Dean mentions?:

Social Security?: Senator Barry Goldwater was denounced in 1964 for daring to suggest that it should be voluntary, which is rather close to the position that President Bush is now proposing and which is being seriously considered by many -- thanks largely to the CATO Institute, which has done far more to advance libertarian ideas than the Libertarian Party has ever come close to doing.

Taxes?: If letting people, including "the rich", keep the money they have earned is "extreme" then I'm an extremist.

Homosexual marriage?: Dean wrote: "Gay marriage: is it moderate to oppose giving legal recognition and protection to gay couples? Is it moderate to favor redefining an institution that hasn't changed in thousands of years of Western culture just to make a tiny minority happy?"

That last sentence is the one argument (a Burkean argument) against homosexual marriage for which I have respect. My answer to it is this: I've never been interested in making homosexuals happy. I've always been interested only in making me happy by defending the rights and the honor of homosexual men and women. As to marriage, my sole interest is in encouraging homosexuals to be monogamous and faithful.

Heterosexuals, too. And, unfortunately for both heterosexuals and homosexuals, marriage has already been radically redefined -- from "till death do you part" to "till divorce do you part". We've reached a point where half the marriages end in divorce. I'm against that. I'm a reactionary. I'm for re-redefining marriage as nothing less than total commitment: you vow to be faithful to your spouse until death or for eternity, depending on your theology. On this, I agree with the Catholic church.

Abortion?: I submit that chopping your baby to bits, unless your own life is in peril, is murder, and probably not necessarily very "moderate" murder. On this, too, I agree with the Catholic church. A woman has the absolute right to sovereignty over her own body, but not that of another.

Evolution vs. Creation?: Dean wrote: "Is it moderate to tell schoolchildren that evolution is just a theory and may not be true? Is it moderate to go to court to forbid a democratically elected schoolboard from doing so, based on the notion that questioning Darwin is "an establishment of religion?""

I'm for leaving this, and all other educational controversies, to the local school boards. According to the Tenth Amendment, the federal government has no authority to tell local schools what they may or may not teach.

As to the evolution theory itself, if it is to be taught at all, it must be taught strictly as a scientific theory like gravity, the electromagnetic spectrum, or Einstein's theory of relativity (special or general). If a teacher tries to use Einstein's theory to argue for moral relativism, I'm against that. And if a teacher tries to use Darwin's theory to argue for moral relativism, atheism, the inevitability of "progress", the superiority of certain "races" (as the Nazis taught), etc., I'm against that, too. I'm against a governmental establishment of atheism. Let atheists start their own schools if they want to teach that. Theologically, I'm a creationist, I believe in the ancient creation myths.

The War?: Dean wrote: "To some of us, refusing to support taking out a fascist mass-murdering dictator because "war is bad" and "international consensus" is good looks like a rigid ideologue's position, putting common sense and human rights aside in favor of questionable principles, kneejerk fear of American power, or--as in the case of the governments of France and Russia--in favor of their pocketbooks."

I immoderately submit that such pacifism in the face of a mass-murdering tyrant and all the other totalitarian and terrorist enemies of our freedom amounts to treason, and not "loyal" treason. Harsh, I know, that's the way I am. I'm for winning this War. Our freedom is at stake.

That's where I stand.
6.8.2005 1:57pm
Jeff Licquia (mail) (www):
"Extreme": any position you take that I disagree with.

"Radical": any position you take that I really disagree with.

"Extremely radical": any position you take that I really, really disagree with.

Ad hominem may be a fallacy, but it's a really popular one.
6.8.2005 2:29pm
Alan at TYL (www):
We've gone from moral relativity to language relativity (or maybe it happened the other way around). Extreme is extreme. The American system is a very moderate one, but it has its edges and it has people on those edges. And those people are, by definition, extremists.

Pull out of Iraq now: extreme
Nuke the mideast: extreme
Abortion should be legal up untill the minute of delivery: extreme
Birth control should be illegal: extreme

Radical is not even a useful word because all it means is that you want sweeping changes. All the Founders were radicals. Martin Luther King Jr. was a radical--but none were extremists.

Language uses its purpose when people try to co-opt it for their own purposes. I'm guilty of it too, I know, but I try to keep my words in their proper meanings. Call me a language prude--I think words should have real meaning, not whatever meaning we feel like.
6.8.2005 3:05pm
John Irving (mail):
I consider myself a moderate because I usually try to consider the other side. Often, I find enough wrong with it that I reject it, but not after giving it a careful examination. This is why I support the War on Terror, because we tried it the other way and it failed. This is why I am reluctantely pro-choice, because we tried it the other way and it failed. I'm very strongly in favor of SSM, civil unions, and pretty much all the other versions of relationships between consenting adults that gives Santorum fits, because we live in a nation that is supposed to support individual liberty. I support ending the criminalization of marijuana, for the same reason and that prohibition has failed time and again, and far too many of the individuals seen campaigning for its medical uses, often using it a dozen times a day, do not meet the old scare tactic standard of brainless, uncaring, do-nothings. It appears that rather than causing such behavior, illegal marijuana merely attracted those already exhibiting the same.

I am not a Centrist, because many of my positions do not fall between the extremes, they fall otuside the accepted political spectrum in the U.S. today. I am, however, a Moderate because I recognize that as the choice of the people of the U.S., and that history is on my side for the gradual change towards my ideals.
6.8.2005 3:31pm
Casey Tompkins (mail) (www):
Interesting stuff. Caused another blog post, here.

Some of the high points:

Alan, "centrist" is just as bad as "moderate." The reason being that you're still defining your position in terms of other people's views. How do your views unique? Besides moderation of approach and discussion?

What is a centrist/moderate, except someone who is willing to compromise? If so, are they willing to compromise on all issues? If that's the case, they're spineless jellyfish. There are some things worth fighting for; but as soon as you take a definite stand on an issue, whether free speech, gun ownership, small government, or the war on terror, haven't you stopped being centrist/moderate? If not, why not?

I concluded in my post that there is no such thing as a "moderate" position.
6.8.2005 5:09pm
Alan at TYL (www):
Casey,

No moderates or Centrists? O.k. I'll call myself a Bull Moose. Does that change anything? Don't get caught up in the label. It's not like Republican or Democrat came with any meaning to begin with.

Centrists call themselves Centrists because it's a quick guide to an overall belief system--generally it means socially moderate and fisically conservative.

If I'm too liberal for the Republicans and too conservative for the Democrats, what the hell am I? You can't think there can be only two options?

Sure, any given position could possibly be classified as on the left or on the right under the staid one-deminsional model of politics. But Centrist is a description of a nexus of beliefs, not the description of a specific stance.

It's amazing how many people tell me there's no such thing as a Centrist. "I'm sorry, sir, your belief system doesn't fit into the preconceived paradigm of political leanings, we'll have to ask you to step out of the ring."

As for compromise, it ain't about compromise. Sure, I will choose compromise over letting the whole thing go to hell, but that's not my instinct. I could go on forever, but I suggest reading all that I say about this on my blog, The Yellow Line. There's also a lot of posts about other stuff. Read that too and then tell me, if I'm not a Centrist, what am I?
6.8.2005 6:07pm
Dean Esmay:
I'd say it would be fair to say that a centrist is one who is willing to criticize both of the parties, refuses to adhere to the party line when he doesn't honestly agree with it, and will support politicians on either side.

By that definition, however, there are a lot of people out there who would be considered "radical" who are actually very much centrists.
6.8.2005 8:29pm
Alan at TYL (www):
Dean,

I would agree that there are radical centrists. I probably qualify for that, actually. Really don't think there are radical moderates though.

I have no problem with radicals, in the non-pejorative sense. America as thrived because of radical ideas that shook things up and made us greater. I'm sure you'd agree.
6.8.2005 9:37pm
John Irving (mail):
Really don't think there are radical moderates though.

Present.
6.8.2005 10:16pm
Kevin D:
Mr. Anderson,

Damn you for making me smile! I wholly agree with just about everything you said.
6.9.2005 5:28am
Casey Tompkins (mail) (www):
Alan sez
Read that too and then tell me, if I'm not a Centrist, what am I?

Alan, you're a "you." True, you won't get very far (political-alliancely speaking) that way, but that's how it is.

Me, I'm a "me." A somewhat deeper explanation lies here.

Or, if you prefer, I can call myself a member of the Southwest Ohio chapter of the Casey Federalist Party.

Same thing, really. Honestly, I think we would -most likely- agree on many things political.

I also like John's "radical" moderate stance. There's a man who isn't afraid to defend -to the death- a sane position.

Please note that I never claimed that anyone had to fulfill a particular slot in some sort of (as you say) "preconceived paradigm." I just asked: what do centrist/moderates stand for? The problem is that no one has ever managed to answer that question except by negation ("we aren't...") or by approach (civility, rule of reason, argument via logic, etc.).

This is why I maintain that centrist/moderate is really more of an aspiration -or approach- than a political position.

You say you want to avoid or supercede typical right/left definitions, but continue to define yourself using those terms. I prefer to ignore them.

Dean cheats. He says he's still a liberal, when he's really an English Whig. Tee hee, snicker.
6.9.2005 5:30am
Michelle Dulak Thomson (mail):
Steven Malcolm Anderson,

I wish I could find the passage where Chesterton tries his hand at defining his politics with a label. It went something like "I am a Radical Agrarian Distributivist Anti-Cosmopolitan Nationalist Christian Social Democrat, and if there were room on the page, there's about five more of me." (I can't remember where it was at all, which probably means it's buried somewhere in thousands of pages of Illustrated London News columns. Rats.)

But I feel rather like that myself. I remember getting into an argument with a very brilliant Leftist as a freshman at Cal, in which he tried to push me leftward and then rightward on some subject (I think it was Vietnam), until he gave up in disgust, calling me an "extreme moderate." I'll keep that label until I can think of another that doesn't spill over more than one line, like Chesterton's.

The problem with "moderate" is that it suggests something tepid; the problem with "centrist" is that it suggests something in the center, when the truth may be a vivid mix of beliefs that, taken individually, most people would put decisively in the "Right" or "Left" column.

This is why Chesterton is such a great example, of course. You could make a terrific political-science course entirely out of Chesterton. It would get the students out of the habit of putting ideas in categories by purely automatic habit, and it would incidentally be great fun.
6.9.2005 2:22pm
Steven Malcolm Anderson (www):
Kevin D. and Michelle Dulak Thomson:

Thank you!

As for me, I describe my own ideology in 4 words: Conservative Lesbian Individualist Theology.
6.9.2005 3:51pm
Michelle Dulak Thomson (mail):
Steven,

You didn't pick your four words purely for the acronym, did you?
6.9.2005 4:21pm
Steven Malcolm Anderson (www):
No, they had to be accurately descriptive and comprehensive, too.
6.10.2005 2:53am