Dean's World

Defending the liberal tradition in history, science, and philosophy.

Cool Old Music

You know, it's really interesting to see sometimes what people were doing to make synthetic music a reality back before computers and even before synthesizers. Take, for example, this unforgettably haunting theme music from a 1960s British TV show: Click here to hear the haunting theme song.

That was recorded in 1963--three years before I was born. Now that's fascinating on more than one level.

First off I find it compelling in its own right. Second, they created that without synthesizers: there were no synthesizers in those days.

Got that? No synthesizers. Furthermore, they didn't have multitrack recording. They could do "sampling" like we call it today, but that meant they had to record the sound on one tape. Then if they had a second sound they wanted in, to "mix" two sounds, they'd have to play two tapes on two different machines, and record them both onto a third.

Furthermore, there is no "live performance" anywhere in the piece. For the whole thing, no more than one note at a time was ever recorded. The whole thing was spliced together from various tapes cut and pasted together.

Furthermore, most of the music comes from 12 test tone generators, each capable of producing only a single note. Combine that with a few "samples" of a single plucked string, tape loops to create hissing effects, some minor voltage fluctuations to create wobbling effects, and tape looops. I understand that sometimes the splices of tape were only an inch or so apart.

It basically took the BBC Radiophonic Workshop weeks to create that recording, and there's not a single "live performance" recording on it. It's nothing but tone generators and tape loops and splices. Yet it sounds surprisingly organic doesn't it?

Oh by the way: the TV show it's based on was the longest-running non-soap opera TV serial in television history. It ran from 1963 to 1989.

Oh also, it's coming back, and the new Doctor is the best since Tom Baker.

No, it really is. I know because thanks to a friend (heheh) I've seen a sneak peak of the first episode. :-)

Posted by Dean | Permalink | Technorati Trackbacks
Eric (www):
I've got a fairly extensive review here.
3.21.2005 8:58am
Mythilt (mail):
Dean....I hate you....in a friendly jealous way of course.
3.21.2005 9:10am
Scott Kirwin (mail) (www):
Exterminate! Exterminate!

For a brief moment I imagined the Daleks rampaging through the MTV Music Awards.

It was... beautiful...
3.21.2005 10:09am
Dan the Highway guy (mail) (www):
So is it going to be shown in the US at all? Any ideas? Even on BBC America?
3.21.2005 10:26am
Masked Menace (mail):
Oh great, another good show I'll never be able to convince my wife to watch.
3.21.2005 11:29am
Jerry Kindall (www):
My understanding is that they're not going to be running it in the US. It's "too British" for us.
3.21.2005 11:59am
Casey Tompkins (mail) (www):
(scratching head) So no one had multi-track recording hardware in 1963?

I thought they had two- and four-track systems back then, anyway.
3.21.2005 12:54pm
Dave Schuler (mail) (www):
If you think the technology of that early electronic music was interesting, you must love the Mellotron. The rock group most known for the use of the Mellotron was, course, The Moody Blues. The Mellotron is a real Rube Goldberg. Under each key there was a strip of magnetic tape with the desired (sampled) note on it. The gadgets were notoriously cranky. For pretty obvious reasons.

The best description I've ever heard of what the Mellotron sounded like was “a heavenly choir with a chest cold”.
3.21.2005 1:41pm
Dean Esmay (www):
Multi-track recording was invented in 1955 in the States (by Les Paul) but the machines were rare and expensive and usually only used for stereo recordings--i.e. 2-track or 3-track machines. In any case, the BBC Radiophonic Workshop didn't have them at the time. Why would they? Very expensive, and neither television nor radio listeners could hear stereo, right? :-)

You can read a much more extensive writeup on the theme music and how it was crafted right here.
3.21.2005 2:15pm
Dean Esmay (www):
Dave: Oh yeah, the Mellotrons were cool, but my far and away favorite early primitive electronic instrument is the Theremin. In fact, even though it's considered obsolete, because of how it works it's hard to duplicate the beauty of its sound. I mean, it can be done, but in the hands of a master the Theremin had a subtlety that's hard to match.
3.21.2005 2:26pm
Eric (www):
Menace, right now there isn't a buyer for the series. I would guess it's not because it's "too British" but because the BBC hasn't offered it at a price that would allow a stateside network to make a profit. (They have, in the last few years priced almost all PBS stations out of the market for Dr. Who reruns, without convincing any cable network to pick it up.)

The latest rumor is that if no one in the US picks it up, they will do a DVD-only release around the same time they release it in the UK, which should be October-November.

Of course by then, all the hardcore fans will have downloaded and burned DVDs already, so they'd better include some kick-ass extras.
3.21.2005 2:43pm
John Anderson (mail):
Who?

And let us not forget Wendy Carlos' Switched-On Bach, also done note-by-note. While Ms. Carlos doesn't like it herself (her ambition is to use electronics to replicate actual orchestral sounds, and not the tones of the Moog or other synthesizers) it is still a popular album with the rest of us.
3.21.2005 3:05pm
Dan the Highway guy (mail) (www):
The BBC DVD's I've seen (Red Dwarf) in the stores have really chilled me on acquiring them. Knowing the type of 'seasons' they run, with those 6 episode runs, they then go ahead and try to sell a 'season' for 40 dollars (I'd guess this is MSRP, it's the price in store in Barnes and Noble), or a two-pack for 70 dollars. For three hours of program material per season, that's in the range I'd call 'rip off'. Amazon does discount them severely (55 dollars for the two-pack), but that's still pretty steep compared to other 'season' releases of US shows.
3.21.2005 3:17pm
tonecluster (mail) (www):
Pre multi-track units, tape recorders were equipped with SOS circuits (Sound On Sound). You could route the output of one channel to the input of the other while also recording an external signal. This was only on stereo units, and in 1963 who know if the BBCRWS had any.

At any rate, those guys were very creative with sine-wave test-tone noisemakers, a piano harp and some plucky thumb thingies.
3.21.2005 3:18pm
tonecluster (mail) (www):
More history:


Link here
3.21.2005 3:45pm
Paul Burgess (www):
Dean, thanks for the .WAV file. Sounds slightly different from the Doctor Who theme song I'm familiar with.

"Hartnell.wav"? Must confess, I've never seen any of the old Hartnell episodes. It was Tom Baker's portral of the Doctor that first captured my attention, lo these many years ago.
3.21.2005 4:11pm
Dave Schuler (mail) (www):
Saint-Saëns's The Swan from his “Carnival of the Animals” was originally written for theremin. It's rarely performed on it now, of course. The theremin was supposed to be quite dangerous for the performer to play. Not unlike the water harmonica (for which Mozart wrote). You could get lead poisoning from playing that one.
3.21.2005 4:36pm
Dave Schuler (mail) (www):
Hartnell was a great Dr. Who. Since the show was considered a kiddie program at that point that portrayal was quite a bit different from Tom Baker's of course.

I wish more Patrick Troughton Dr. Who episodes had survived. It's kind of rough to compare with the later Who's for whom we have complete sets. I'd have to say my own favorite was Jon Pertwee.
3.21.2005 4:42pm
Dean Esmay (www):
Tom Baker's Dr. Who was far and away my favorite, although I enjoyed John Pertwee. Peter Davison was interesting but the show was simply too self-serious by that point, and the guys after that did nothing for me (what little I saw of them). What I've seen of Hartnell or Troughton I liked, but there's so very little of it to see.

So far as I'm concerned, based on the first episode, Christopher Eccleston is exactly the right man to bring back The Doctor in a new series. When I saw his photograph I doubted that very much, but by the end of the episode he'd completely won me over. Both he and the producers strike just the right note: Dr. Who should be engaging, witty, a little daffy, yet sincere and compelling, within scripts that are a little campy without being over the top.

In other words, I think the new series is damn near perfect. It's everything I ever loved about Dr. Who.
3.21.2005 4:55pm
Dave Schuler (mail) (www):
I hope the new series is shown in the U. S., Dean.

When I first heard that they were going to show Dr. Who here in Chicago, I was excited (many, many years ago). I'd heard about it for years from my Brit friends.

The first episode I happened to catch was “The Deadly Assassin”. You may recall that this episode has that deadly dull coronation sequence that goes on interminably. Well, as fate would have it for some unknown technician's glitch-type reason, WTTW played the reel with the coronation scene twice in succession (they later did the same thing with the Peter Davison episode “Castrovalva”). I didn't realize it was a repeat and gave up in frustration (WTTW was also playing the episodes the way they were shown in the UK—one short episode per day rather than editing them together as they did later). I caught all the Pertwee episodes when they started editing those together.

Then a couple of years later they played the whole series over starting with the Hartnell episodes and going through the Troughton, Pertwee, Baker, Davison episodes.
3.21.2005 5:16pm
Ian S. (mail) (www):
Good post Dean, and I agree 100%. I'm also a big fan of Tom Baker's portrayal, and I firmly believe the Doctor should never take himself seriously. (Incidentally, Tom Baker was also fantastic as the mad monk Rasputin in one version of "Nicholas and Alexandra" that I've seen).

Re: "Switched-On Bach" - it was played using conventional keyboards, not note-at-a-time. I have the "Switched-On Box Set" from a few years ago where Wendy digitally remastered all the discs and there are extensive liner notes and outtakes as well :-) Wendy's TRON score remains the high-water mark for that style, IMO.
3.21.2005 5:53pm
Martin (a.k.a. UML Guy) (www):
If I play this in Windows Media Player and set my visualization to Battery>Dandelionaid, it actually looks a lot like what I remember of the opening credits.

And let's not forget that other BBC SF classic...
3.21.2005 7:16pm
Inv A. DeSoda (mail) (www):
Douglas Adams wrote some of the Dr. Who episodes -- don't ask me which doctor, I have no clue, I just remember those episodes were distinctly funnier than the others.
3.21.2005 11:50pm
Jerry Kindall (www):
In fact, the novel "Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency" is reportedly adapted from one of Adams's "Doctor Who" scripts that didn't get made. Dirk Gently is, basically, the Doctor.
3.22.2005 3:12am
Dean Esmay (www):
He wrote a couple of episodes during Tom Baker's tenure. He also borrowed somewhat from one of those scripts in parts of Dirk Gently--I don't remember which, but I remember I had seen that episode, and then noticed a strong resemblance to a few parts of the book.
3.22.2005 3:29pm
B. Durbin (www):
Reportedly, Life, the Universe, and Everything was also a Dr. Who episode in its original incarnation; Adams didn't think it through very well, and had to have Trillian step up to save the world— because he realized halfway through that NONE of his major protagonists would actually bother to step up and save the universe!
3.23.2005 1:48pm